En el corazón de Colombia, sobre el eje de la cordillera andina, 58.300 hectáreas, cinco cumbre nevadas rematan a más de 5.000. metros de altura el Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados. En días despejados, desde el Valle del Magdalena o desde la zona cafetera del antiguo Caldas, se aprecia en la distancia esta cresta montañosa.
Este parque constituye una de las regiones naturales mas sobresalientes del país, Se señala como una de las grandes reservas de agua, pues de sus cumbres se desprenden ríos y quebradas que bañan los costados oriental y occidental de la Cordillera Central. Por sus costado occidental alimenta la cuenca hidrográfica de la zona cafetera más importante de la economía colombiana, que comprende los departamentos de Quindío, Risaralda, Caldas. Por el oriente, desde las nieves del Parque descienden varios ríos caudalosos del norte del departamento del Tolima, estos pasan también por zonas cafeteras hasta descender a la planicie del Magdalena, una de las regiones donde se desarrolla la agricultura del país. Es decir, esta reserva nacen las aguas indispensables para la producción de más del 50% del café colombiano, y del arroz, el sorgo, el algodón y el maíz. De igual manera, desde estas cumbres se desprenden las corrientes e agua que alimentan a más de 37 municipios y a más de dos millones de personas que habitan en los departamentos de Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda y Tolima.
El Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados se extiende 58.300n hectáreas y toca los municipio de Villamaría en Caldas, Pereira y Santa Rosa de Cabal en Risaralda, Salento en Quindío, Villahermosa, Líbano, Herveo e Ibagué en Tolima. Está situado en la parte mas alta de la cordillera Central, que en conjunto se considera la más elevada de las tres cadenas en que se dividen los Andes Colombiano. El área incluye cinco cuellos o cráteres volcánicos, en su mayoría inactivos, unidos por una cima estrecha compuesta por una serie de diques, estrusiones, cuellos y lomos volcánicos, alineados de sur a norte: el Tolima, Quindío, Paramillo de Santa Rosa, Santa Isabel y el Ruiz
El más imponente de los volcanes es el Nevado del Ruiz (Kumanday) o Mesa de Herveo, a 5.400 msnm, Volcán escudo que cubre unos 200 Kms2, es sin duda alguna la cumbre nevada mpas famosa del país, porque permiteun fácil acceso a los visitantes hasta los más alto de sus nieves perpetúas. Presenta dos crácteres adventicios, La Olleta (4.800 m) al o este del cráter principal, y el Alto de la Piraña al nordeste. El cráter principal del Nevado del Ruiz tiene unos 300 m de ancho y 150 m de profundidad y está libre de hielo. Se ha establecido que durante los últimos 14.000 años este cráter ha erupcionado en varias ocasiones.
Al sur del Nevado del Ruiz se sitúan otros volcanes como son el de Santa Isabel (4.950 m) y el Paramillo de Santa Rosa (4.600 m) que permanecen inactivos; y el Nevado del Cisne (4.700 m) que presenta un domo basáltico y andesítico. Remata la cadena volcánica el Nevado del Tolima, a 5.200 msnm, fue la cumbre que dio el nombre a la región de Dulima, hacia el oriente, y se conoció como el "El país de nieve". Este cono simétrico, compuesto por capas de lava t roca, permanece cubierto por nieves perpetuas desde los 4.700 m y cuenta con varias fumarolas en sus flancos. El Tolima presentó actividad volcánica en 1.822, 1.825, 1.826 y 1.943.
EL régimen de lluvias es bimodal en toda el área del Parque, con dos períodos de lluvias altas y dos período de lluvias bajas. El primer período de lluvias altas se presentan en los meses de marzo, abril, mayo y el segundo en octubre, Noviembre y diciembre, temporada, seca en los meses de enero y febrero y de junio, julio y agosto .En el área del Parque Nacional, las temperaturas medias anuales varían entre -25 en la nieves perpetua y 18 grados centígrados, las precipitaciones pluviales están entre 1.600 en la cordillera oriental a 2.600 mm; en la ladera occidental. A grandes rasgos la vegetación del Parque se puede dividir en dos categorías de biomas, las zonas y las azonales, sin incluir el piso nival de 4.800 m en adelante. Los biomas zonales son el superpáramo, el páramo y los bosques altoandinos.
En los valles y laderas de la parte más baja, es decir entre los 2.500 y 3.200 msnm, crece el llamado bosque andino en el cual sobresale la Palma de Cera (Ceroxylon quindiuense), el árbol emblemático de Colombia, espigada, con una altura hasta de 40 o 60m, es la palma más alta del mundo. Los bosques altoandinos, entre 2.400 y los 3.800 msnm, se caracterizan por la presencia de árboles hasta de 30m de altura t un estrato arbustivo con predominio de plantas de lña familia Asteraceae y la presencia de chusqyes y helñechos arborescebtes, denominados palmas bobas. En el arbolado de este bosque sobresale el "encenillo" (Weinmannia tolimenis), cuyo porte puede llegar a los 15m. Una comunidad con dominancia de robre (Quercus humboldtií), cuyo arbolado alcnaza hasta 30m, se halla entre 20400 y 3.100 msnm, en las cuencas de Combeima y del Otún.
La avifauna del Parque es muy variada, sobresalen el "perico" (bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons) y el colibrí "chivito de páramo" (oxypogon guerinii stuebeli), endémicos de ka región del Parque y sus alrededores. Se observan también la "mirla negra" (Tursus fuscater quindío), tres especies de pavas, de las cuales se destaca el "aburrí" o "pava negra" (aburria aburrí), la "perdiz de monte" (odontophorus hyperythrus), especie endémica de Colombia, entre otros...
Entre los mamíferos, están presentes el "oso de anteojos" (Trenarctos ornatus), el tapir o danta de Páramo (Tapirus pinchaque), la "ardilla enana" ( Mircosciurus puchenati salentensis), el "cusumbo" (Nasuella olivacea lagunetae), la "comadreja" (Mustela frenata affinis), el "conejo de páramo" (Sylvilagus brasileinis fulvescens), dos especies diferentes de "guagua" ( Agouti taczanowskii Dinomys branockií).. También existen 20 especies de murciélagos insectívoros, frugívoros y nectarívoros. Hay en el Parque varias especies de sapos y ranas, entre ellas, la especie endémica Osornophryne percrassa y 14 especies de Eleutherodactylus.
La tribu Quimbaya famosa por su orfebrería y maestra de este arte en América, habitaba las vertientes occidentales de la cordillera Central que descienden al río Cauca. La vertiente oriental fue ocupada por los Panches (familia lingüística Karib)
Sitios de Interés
* Volcán Nevado del Ruiz 5.300 msnm
* Nevado del Tolima 5.200 msnm
* Nevado Santa Isabel 4.950 msnm
* Paramillo del Cisne 4.800 msnm
* Nevado del Quindío 4.800 msnm
* Laguna del Otún 3.900 msnm
* Laguna verde 4.200 msnm
* Termales del Ruiz 3.600 msnm
* Termales el Rancho 2.600 msnm
* Casacada Gualí 4.000 msnm
* Cráter la Olleta 4.300 msnm
* Paramillo de Santa Rosa
* Laguna del Encanto
* Humedales del Quindío
* Volcan Machin
Zonas de Camping
* Arenales
* Cisne
* Laguna del Otún
Alojamiento
Laguna del Otún $15.000 persona/noche
El costo de ingreso al Parque es de $6.0000.oo persona
Menores de 12 años $3.000.00
Autos $4.000.00
Camperos $4.500
Microbús $6.000.00
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